Html

The HTML (hypertext markup language) describes the content of a web page, including text, images, videos, etc

The specifications on the functioning of the web makes the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). On its website we can find all the documentation about HTML and other network standards

For the editing of web pages we can use any text editor

In windows Notepad or Wordpad, in linux vi, joe, mcedit, etc

In them we will take advantage of the capabilities of each one to copy and paste. There are many web editors that make it easy for us to insert HTML code

Some freeware, other shareware and other commercial ones like Adobe Dreamweaver with which you get more professional pages because they have predefined templates that speed up our work

For advanced developers we have Sublime Text, although it may be unfriendly to other developers

Among the friendliest we have Brackets, which allows you to view the HTML code automatically

And Atom, as another alternative, which is now becoming fashionable

We have to take into account the type of encoding that we use with this language, because if when writing our website we use an encoding other than that of the web browser, we can get a page with strange or illegible characters

The most commonly used option is UTF-8 encoding, which is the standard for the Internet and Linux systems

Windows and MacOS systems use other types of encoding so we will have to match the encoding in the document header, with the one that will be displayed in the web browser

Standards

HTML 1.0

Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 describes 18 elements that include the initial and relatively simple HTML design. Thirteen of these elements still exist in HTML 4.4

Berners-Lee considered HTML an extension of SGML, but was not formally recognized as such until publication in mid-1993, by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), of a first proposition for an HTML specification: Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly's Hypertext Markup Language draft, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define grammar

The draft expired at six months, but was notable for its recognition of the Mosaic browser's own label used to insert images without line change, reflecting IETF's philosophy of successfully basing standards on prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett HTML+'s (Hypertext Markup Format) competing draft from late 1993 suggested standardizing features already implemented, such as tables

HTML 2.0

The official version for HTML was until a few years ago HTML 2.0, called HTML+, began to develop in late 1993. It was originally designed to be a superset of HTML that would gradually evolve from the previous HTML format

The first formal HTML+ specification was therefore given the version number 2.0 to distinguish it from previous unofficial proposals. HTML+ work continued, but never became a standard, despite being the basis formally more similar to the common aspect of current specifications

It fulfilled its function perfectly, but many HTML users wanted to have greater control over their documents, both in the formatting of the text and in the appearance of the page

HTML 3.0

Meanwhile, Netscape, which was at the time the undisputed leader of browsers, introduced with each new version tags and attributes not covered by the official standard, creating discontent among some developers

Due to their wide dissemination and acceptance, other browsers tried to copy these innovations, but because Netscape did not fully specify its new tags, the results were no different from those desired. Which caused a lot of confusion and numerous problems, when developers used these elements and found that it didn't work the way they wanted in other browsers

The draft HTML 3.0 standard was proposed by the newly formed W3C in March 1995. Many new capabilities were introduced with him; for example, facilities for creating tables, making text flow around figures, and displaying complex mathematical elements. Although it was designed to support HTML 2.0, it was too complex to be implemented with the technology of the time, and when the draft standard expired in September 1995, it was abandoned due to the lack of support from web browser manufacturers

HTML 3.2

HTML 3.1 never officially came to be proposed, and the next standard was HTML 3.2, which abandoned most of the new features of HTML 3.0 and, in return, adopted many elements initially developed by Netscape and Mosaic web browsers. The possibility of working with mathematical formulas that had been proposed in HTML 3.0 became integrated into a different standard called MathML

The need for a new standard that was accepted by all was becoming increasingly evident. Another committee was formed, the W3C, supported by major software vendors (including IBM, Microsoft, Novell, Netscape, Sun, etc.). The new standard was developed throughout 1996 by the W3C under the nickname Wilbur, and finally, in January 1997 it was approved as HTML 3.2

HTML 3.2 was fully compatible with the above standard, but incorporates many of the innovations of commercial browsers (Netscape and Internet Explorer mainly), such as tables, applets, text bordering images, among others, but not all, such as frames

HTML 4.0

In July 1997, the first public draft of the official HTML 4.0 standard (which has the code name Cougar) was introduced. It incorporates specifications on tables, frames, scripts, style sheets, accessibility by different means, and internationalization (including the use of Unicode, instead of Latin-1)

In 1997, HTML 4.0 (which has the key name Cougar) was published as a W3C recommendation. HTML 4.0 adopted many specific elements initially developed for a particular web browser, but at the same time began cleaning up the HTML by pointing out some of them as deprecated (disapproved)

HTML 4.0 implements features such as XForms 1.0 that do not need to implement navigation engines that were incompatible with some HTML web pages. It incorporates specifications on tables, frames, scripts, style sheets, accessibility by different means, and internationalization (including the use of Unicode, instead of Latin-1)

HTML 5.0

HTML5 specifies two syntax variants for HTML: a "classic", HTML (text/html), known as HTML5, and an XHTML variant known as XHTML5 syntax that should be served with XML syntax (application/xhtml+xml). This is the first time HTML and XHTML have been developed in parallel

In 2004 the W3C reopened the debate on the evolution of HTML, and the basis for the HTML5 version was released. However, this work was rejected by W3C members and preference would be given to the development of XML

Apple, Mozilla and Opera announced their interest in continuing to work on the project under the name WHATWG, which is based on compatibility with previous technologies

In 2006, W3C became interested in html5 development, and in 2007 it joined the WHATWG working group to unify the project

The final version of the fifth revision of the standard was published in October 2014

Because it is not recognized in old browser versions for its new tags, it is recommended that the common user update their browser to the newer version, in order to enjoy the full potential provided by HTML5